At the Zhu Lab, we investigate how mammalian cells detect and respond to intracellular pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. We focus on the molecular interface between host and pathogen - a dynamic battleground where immune defense meets microbial adaptation.

Our research is guided by three central questions: Sensing - How are invading microbes detected? Signaling - How is this recognition translated into immune responses? 3), Sterilizing - How are pathogens eliminated despite their defense mechanisms? To answer these questions, we employ a multidisciplinary approach centered on cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), complemented by cryo-EM, in vitro reconstitution, advanced imaging, and molecular biology. Cryo-ET enables us to visualize immune complexes and infection events directly in their native cellular context.

In parallel, we are deeply interested in in situ high-resolution structures and functions of macromolecular complexes involved in bacterial pathogenesis. We also actively working on method development in cryo-EM/ET to further enhance both the throughput and resolution of in situ structural cell biology.

Our ultimate goal is to uncover the molecular mechanisms that drive host defense and to inform new strategies for combating infectious diseases.